organizational communication is generally considered as a process that occurs between members of a social community. As a process, communication within organizations is a dynamic activity, in some form in constant flux, but maintains a degree of identification of structure. However one should consider that this structure is not static but changing, and that is adjusted according to the development of the organization.
The communities in which communication takes place organizations are typically regarded as systems. A system for organizing
consists of a series of interdependent activities that are integrated into a specific set of objectives. Therefore, communication in organizations is considered as a process that takes place within a particular system of interrelated activities. Finally, the communication between members of an organization involves the creation, exchange (receive and send), processing and storage of messages.
Despite the fact that organizations have existed since biblical times in one form or another, it was not until the early twentieth century that formal theories of the organization were developed and disseminated widely. Most of these theories establish clear principles about communication in organizations or make implicit assumptions about the role of communication in organizations "Efficient."
formal and informal organization formal organization.
organization is based on a rational division of labor in the differentiation and integration of participants according to a standard set by those who manage the decision process. It is planned that the organization is on paper.
is generally approved by management and communicated to all through manuals of organization, job descriptions, organizational charts, rules and procedures.
In other words, the organization is formally made official.
informal organization. It's
organization that emerges spontaneously and naturally among people who occupy positions in the formal organization and from the relationships they establish with each other as office holders.
is formed from the relations of friendship or antagonism or the emergence of informal groups that do not appear on the chart, or any other formal document.
The informal organization is made up of social interactions and relationships between people located in certain positions of formal organization.
arises from the relationships and interactions imposed by the formal organization to carry out the charges.
informal organization encompasses all aspects of the system that have not been planned, but arise spontaneously in the activities of the participants, therefore, for innovative features not provided by the formal organization.
formal and informal communication within the organization.
The idea that both the individual and the institution need to organize and communicate, is very popular.
is important to emphasize that a modern organization is primarily a social organization of human beings where there must be a structure, a hierarchy is necessary to achieve the goals that the organization intends.
Being human beings, the essential factor in the conduct of an organization is communication in all directions and at all levels through the communication process elements which distinguish the channels of communication, ie the line of people through which pass messages and use technologies.
analysis of organizational communication practices includes internal and external communication flows of the organization where the emphasis is on the need to strike a balance between formal and informal channels are used. Then we establish that the communication flows are composed of all these channels of communication and represents itself the structure of the organization from the point of view of the interrelationships of communication, which can help raise the efficiency of communications, that is to be achieved effectively convey a message.
Good communication is very important to the effectiveness of any organization or group and refers to the transmission and understanding of meanings.
The man is a purely communicative, and makes this activity all day, (write, read, talk, listen). There can be a group that has no communication, ie the transmission of something with a sense among members that compose it.
The flow of messages between people is a road called Communications Network. The network management has been traditionally divided into communication upward, downward and horizontal, depending on who initiates the message and the recipient.
For serial process means the way step by step following the communication within the organization, ie the process from person to person.
exist and coexist alongside formal and informal networks. By the latter run on all rumors and unofficial information.
The existence of systems to be a question of communication in all directions strengthen formal networks, so you have controlled the informal networks.
Likewise, when we talk about flows communication, we mean the communication processes that take place within the organization according to the formal structure (organization) that may be as follows: a.
Descending: Taking as its main functions, the coordinate, inform, motivate and control. B.
Ascending part of its role is to verify the receipt of the message, assess, report and suggest. C.
Horizontal: (Some authors call it lateral). Here the primary function is to exchange, coordination and support among the staff of the same hierarchical position.
In any organization or group has four communication central functions: to control, motivate, express emotions and report (Robbins, 2004).
Communication monitors the conduct of members in several ways. Organizations have hierarchies of authority and formal guidelines to be followed by employees.
For example, communication plays a supervisory role when employees are asked to first communicate the grievances to their immediate superior, they are limited to their job descriptions or to comply with company policies.
encourages communication motivation because it clear to employees what to do, how they are doing and what they can do to improve poor performance.
The definition of concrete goals, feedback on progress towards the goals and reinforcing the desired behavior, encourage motivation and require that there be communication.
In the case of a large number of employees, the working group is their primary source of social interaction. The communication that occurs in the group is a fundamental mechanism that allows its members to express their frustrations and feelings of satisfaction. Therefore, communication becomes a door of emotional expression of feelings and realization of social needs.
The last function of the communication relates to the role plays when it facilitates decisions. Since, by transmitting data to identify and evaluate possible options, provide information needed by individuals and groups to make decisions. One should not think that any of these four functions is more important than others. For groups to work as they should, it must have some control of the members, encouraging them to work, provide a means to express emotions and to make decisions. We can consider almost any exchange of communication in an organization or group meets one or more of these four functions.
Within the organization are also informal communication, which often takes the form of news, commentary, and gossip grapevine. According to Gibson and Donelly (1999) estimated that U.S. organizations rumors generate 33 million a year. In that sense, these authors present the following types: a.
Castles in the air: Rumors anticipatory to a situation of the company. B.
Wedge drivers: They are the most harmful and often spread rumors such as: "Mary was promoted because he slept with the boss", "Antonio has AIDS."
Such rumors are very harmful and destroy loyalties. C.
Of stretch. Usually anticipate a final situation. For example: the company will merge, there will be changes in chief, Mary changed jobs.
Informal communication is often expressed in its most common way of rumor, according to Dalton (1970, cited by Goldhaber) rumors usually have on average more than 70% of your data as accurate, then, one might ask, why informal communication which creates many problems? Without doubt, because rumors generate destabilization in the organization and conflicts between the organizational actors. Faced with this situation is important to detect the nature and time white noise in order to clarify in a relationship face to face.
verbal communication, using the word as a sign language is of great importance in the organization, but is supplemented with non-verbal communication, which is analyzed later to complete a process of communication. CONCLUSION
Communication is essential in any place, whether in an organization or with our friends, is something that is practically impossible to prevent. Since the human being is a being that is communicated.
As we saw, communication can be formal or informal. Formal communication, is given in writing, such as a telegram, a memo, a circular, fax, email, etc.
informal communication, is that occurs between people who share relationships as friendly or antagonistic, and although not serious, it is important to take a clear communication within relationships that bring in the organization, even worse, it is important to have them clear. Shantal
Anahi Garcia Sanchez
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